משנה: יֵשׁ מְבִיאִין בִּיכּוּרִין וְקוֹרִין. מְבִיאִין וְלֹא קוֹרִין. וְיֵשׁ שֶׁאֵינָן מְבִיאִין. אֵלּוּ שֶׁאֵינָן מְבִיאִין הַנּוֹטֵעַ בְּתוֹךְ שֶׁלּוֹ וְהִבְרִיךְ בְּתוֹךְ שֶׁל יָחִיד אוֹ בְּתוֹךְ שֶׁלְרַבִּים. וְכֵן הַמַּבְרִיךְ מִתּוֹךְ שֶׁלְיָחִיד אוֹ מִתּוֹךְ שֶׁלְרַבִּים לְתוֹךְ שֶׁלּוֹ. הַנּוֹטֵעַ בְּתוֹךְ שֶׁלּוֹ וְהִבְרִיךְ בְּתוֹךְ שֶׁלּוֹ וְדֶרֶךְ הַיָּחִיד וְדֶרֶךְ הָרַבִּים בָּאֶמְצַע הֲרֵי זֶה אֵינוֹ מֵבִיא. רִבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר מֵבִיא. מֵאֵי זֶה טַעַם אֵינוֹ מֵבִיא. מִשּׁוּם שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר רֶאשִׁית בִּכּוּרֵי אַדְמָֽתְךָ תָבִיא עַד שֶׁיְּהוּ כָל־הַגִּידּוּלִים מֵאַדְמָֽתְךָ. MISHNAH: Some people bring First Fruits and make the declaration1The thanksgiving declaration Deuteronomy.26.5-10">Deut. 26:5–10. It is forbidden to bring profane food into the Temple. If there is no obligation to bring First Fruits then there is a prohibition to bring. If there is an obligation, a dedication must sanctify the First Fruits as Temple offerings., some bring and do not make the declaration, and some do not bring. The following do not bring2The reason is explained in Bikkurim 1:7:2" href="/Jerusalem_Talmud_Bikkurim.1.7.2">Mishnah 2.: He who plants in his own but provines3He bends a branch of a vine down into the earth and has it reappear elsewhere; cf. Kilayim 7:1:1" href="/Jerusalem_Talmud_Kilayim.7.1.1">Kilaim 7:1, Note 1. into a private or a public plot; and so he who provines from a private or a public plot into his own. If someone plants in his own and provines into his own but a private or public road is in the middle he cannot bring; Rebbi Jehudah says he brings.
הלכה: יֵשׁ מְבִיאִין בִּכּוּרִין וְקוֹרִין כול׳. הַנּוֹטֵעַ בְּתוֹךְ שֶׁלּוֹ וְהִבְרִיךְ בְּתוֹךְ שֶׁלְיָחִיד אוֹ לְתוֹךְ שֶׁלְרַבִּים אֲפִילוּ מִן הַזְּקֵינָה אֵינוֹ מֵבִיא. הַמַּבְרִיךְ מִתּוֹךְ שֶׁלְיָחִיד אוֹ מִתּוֹךְ שֶׁלְרַבִּים לְתוֹךְ שֶׁלּוֹ אֲפִילוּ מִן הַיַּלְדָּה אֵינוֹ מֵבִיא. הָדָא אָֽמְרָה כְּשֵׁם שֶׁיַּלְדָּה חָיָה מִן הַזְּקֵינָה כָּךְ הַזְּקֵינָה חָיָה מִן הַיַּלְדָּה. HALAKHAH: “Some people bring First Fruits and make the declaration,” etc. He who plants in his own but provines into a private or a public plot cannot bring even from the old tree4The original one growing on his own property.; he who provines from a private or a public plot into his own cannot bring even from the new tree. That means that just as the new lives off the old5While the buried branch will grow new roots, as long as a connection exists between the original vine and its offshoot, the internal flow of sap cannot be controlled. Since First Fruits have to be brought “from your land” (Deuteronomy.26.2">Deut. 26:2), any roots of the tree have to be on the farmer’s own property., so the old lives off the new.
אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן כּוּלְּהֹן מִשּׁוּם תּוֹרַת הַגּוֹזְלָן יָֽרְדוּ לָהֶן. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹסֵי מַתְנִיתָא אָֽמְרָה כֵן. מֵאֵי זֶה טַעַם אֵינוּ מֵבִיא מִשּׁוּם שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר רֵאשִׁית בִּכּוּרֵי אַדְמָֽתְךָ. Rebbi Joḥanan said, in all cases they judged by the rules of robbers. Rebbi Yose said, that is what the Mishnah6Mishnah 1:2. means: “Why can he not bring? Because it was said (Deuteronomy.26.2">Deut. 26:2): ‘the beginning of the First Fruits of your land.’ ”
תַּנֵּי אִם הִבְרִיךְ בִּרְשׁוּת מֵבִיא וְקוֹרֵא. רִבִּי יוֹסֵי בְשֵׁם רִבִּי אִימִּי וְהוּא שֶׁנָּתַן לוֹ רְשׁוּת לְעוֹלָם. הָא לְשָׁעָה לֹא. רִבִּי יוֹנָה בְשֵׁם רִבִּי אִימִּי אֲפִילוּ לְשָׁעָה. חֵיילֵיהּ דְּרִבִּי יוֹנָה מִן הָדָא. הָיָה חוֹפֵר בּוֹר וְשִׁיחַ וּמְעָרָה קוֹצֵץ וְיוֹרֵד וְהָעֵצִים שֶּׁלּוֹ. וְעֵצִים לֹא לְשָׁעָה הֵן. מַה עָבַד לָהּ רִבִּי יוֹסֵי. שָׁרָשִׁים שֶׁדַּרְכָּן לְהַחֲלִיף לְעוֹלָם. מִכֵּיוָן שֶׁדַּרְכָּן לְהַחֲלִיף לְעוֹלָם הֵן. אָמַר רִבִּי מָנָה מִילְתֵיהּ דְּרִבִּי יוֹחָנָן מְסַייֵעַ לְאַבָּא. דְּאָמַר רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן כּוּלְּהֹן מִשּׁוּם תּוֹרַת הַגּוֹזְלָן יָֽרְדוּ לָהֶן. וְכָאן מִכֵּיוָן שֶׁנָּתַן לוֹ רְשׁוּת לְהַבְרִיךְ אֲפִילוּ לְשָׁעָה אֵין זֶה גּוֹזְלָן. It was stated: If he provined with permission7Of the owner of the lot on which the original vine stood or into which the new vine is drawn., he brings and makes the declaration. Rebbi Yose in the name of Rebbi Ammi: Only if the permission was permanent, not temporary. Rebbi Jonah in the name of Rebbi Ammi: Even temporary. The force of Rebbi Jonah comes from the following8Mishnah Baba Batra 2:12. If somebody digs a cistern on his own property and in digging he comes upon roots from a neighbor’s tree, he may cut off these roots and keep the wood of the roots. In the Yerushalmi, Baba Batra 2:12, R. Assi in the name of R. Joḥanan holds that (invisible) roots do not influence the rules of First Fruits.: “If somebody digs a cistern, a ditch, or a cave, he may cut down as he works and the wood is his.” Is the wood not as if temporary? What does Rebbi Yose do with this? Roots always regrow; since roots do regrow it is as if permanent. Rebbi Mana said, the statement of Rebbi Joḥanan supports my father9R. Jonah., as Rebbi Joḥanan said in all cases they judged by the rules of robbers. In our case, if he gave permission to provine even temporarily, the proviner is not a robber10First fruits can always be brought if the farmer does not make illegitimate use of public or other people’s private property..
רִבִּי זְרִיקָן בָּעֵא קוֹמֵי רִבִּי זְעִירָה. מַתְנִיתָא דְּרִבִּי. דְּרִבִּי אָמַר שָׁרָשִׁין חָייִן זֶה מִזֶּה. אָמַר לֵיהּ דִּבְרִי הַכֹּל הִיא. הָכָא הַתּוֹרָה אָֽמְרָה רֵאשִׁית בִּכּוּרֵי אַדְמָֽתְךָ עַדּ שֶׁיְּהוּ כָל־הַגִּידּוּלִּים מֵאַדְמָֽתְךָ. Rebbi Zeriqan asked before Rebbi Zeïra: Is the Mishnah Rebbi’s since Rebbi said, all roots live off one another11‘Orlah 1:1, Note 39.? He said to him, it is everybody’s opinion. Here, the Torah said (Deuteronomy.26.2">Deut. 26:2): “the beginning of the First Fruits of your land,” that all growth be from your land.
עַל דַּעְתֵּיהּ דְּרִבִּי יוּדָה מַה בֵין הַנּוֹטֵעַ לְתוֹךְ שֶׁלּוֹ וְהִבְרִיךְ לְתוֹךְ שֶׁל יָחִיד. מַה בֵין הַנּוֹטֵעַ לְתוֹךְ שֶׁלּוֹ וְהִבְרִיךְ לְתוֹךְ שֶׁלּוֹ וְדֶרֶךְ הַיָּחִיד בְּאֶמְצַע. רִבִּי אָחָא בְשֵׁם רִבִּי מִייָשָׁא. בְּשֶׁהִבְרִיכָהּ בִּדְלַעַת אוֹ בְסִילוֹן. אִי בְּשֶׁהִבְרִיכָהּ בִּדְלַעַת אוֹ בְסִילוֹן יָבִיא וְיִקְרָא. אֲפִילוּ כְרַבָּנִין יָבִיא וְיִקְרָא. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹנָה צְרִיכָה לְרִבִּי יוּדָה. הַמּוֹכֵר שְׁבִיל לַחֲבֵירוֹ מְקוֹם דְּרִיסָה הוּא מָכַר אוֹ עַד הַתְּהוֹם מָכַר. אִין תֵּימַר מְקוֹם דְּרִיסָה מָכַר מֵבִיא וְקוֹרֵא. אִין תֵּימַר עַד הַתְּהוֹם מָכַר. לֹא יָבִיא כָל־עִיקָּר. מִסָּפֵק מֵבִיא וְאֵינוֹ קוֹרֵא. רַבָּנִין פְּשִׁיטָא לוֹן שֶׁמָּכַר עַד הַתְּהוֹם. מָה פְלִיגִין. בְּמוֹכֵר שְׁבִיל לַחֲבֵירוֹ. אֲבָל אִם מָכַר לוֹ שָׂדֶה וְשִׁייֵר לוֹ שְׁבִיל. כָּל־עַמָּא מוֹדֵיי שֶׁשִּׁייֵר לוֹ עַד הַתְּהוֹם. In the opinion of Rebbi Jehudah, what is the difference between him who plants on his own property and provines into a private person’s and him who plants on his own and provines into his own and a private road is in between12In the first case, R. Jehudah agrees that he cannot bring First Fruits but in the second case he permits bringing.? Rebbi Aḥa in the name of Rebbi Miasha, when he provined through a gourd or a pipe13He tunnels under the ground which is not his and shields the branch there either by a clay or metal pipe or by threading it through a pumpkin serving as a pipe. Since no roots can grow there, he does not steal from the owner of the path and is not disqualified as a robber.. If he provined through a gourd or a pipe he should bring and make the declaration! Even according to the rabbis he should bring and make the declaration14R. Aḥa’s solution is rejected.! Rebbi Jonah said, Rebbi Jehudah had a problem. If somebody sells a path to another person15But he retains ownership of the fields on both sides of the path., does he sell him the place where the foot treads or does he sell him down to the abyss? If you say, he sold the place where the foot treads, he brings and makes the declaration. If you say, he sold down to the abyss, he should not bring at all. Because of the doubt he brings but does not make the declaration16Since R. Jehudah mentions only bringing but not making the declaration.. For the rabbis it is obvious that he sold down to the abyss. Where do they differ? When he sells a path to another person. But if he sold him a field and reserved a path for himself, everybody agrees that he reserved for himself down to the abyss17If he extends branches under the path, it is still in his property..
עַל דַּעְתֵּיהּ דְּרִבִּי יוּדָה מַה בֵין הַנּוֹטֵעַ לְתוֹךְ שֶׁלּוֹ וְהִבְרִיךְ לְתוֹךְ שֶׁלְרַבִּים. מַה בֵין הַנּוֹטֵעַ לְתוֹךְ שֶׁלּוֹ וְהִבְרִיךְ לְתוֹךְ שֶׁלּוֹ וְדֶרֶךְ הָרַבִּים בְּאֶמְצַע. אָמַר רִבִּי אִימִּי אַתְייָא דְּרִבִּי יוּדָה כְרִבִּי לִיעֶזֶר. דְּתַנִּינָן תַּמָּן אֵין עוֹשִׂין חָלָל תַּחַת רְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים בּוֹרוֹת שִׁיחִין וּמְעָרוֹת. רִבִּי לִיעֶזֶר מַתִּיר כְּדֵי שֶׁתְּהֵא עֲגָלָה מְהַלֶּכֶת וּטְעוּנָה אֲבָנִים. כְּמָה דְרִבִּי לִיעֶזֶר אָמַר תַּמָּן תַּחַת רְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים שֶׁלּוֹ. כָּךְ רִבִּי יוּדָה אָמַר הָכָא תַּחַת רְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים שֶׁלּוֹ. רִבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל בַּר רַב יִצְחָק בָּעֵי. אִין כְּרִבִּי לִיעֶזֶר יָבִיא וְיִקְרָא. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹסֵי מִיסְבַּר סָבַר רִבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל בַּר רַב יִצְחָק שֶׁרִבִּי לִיעֶזֶר מַתִּיר לַעֲשׂוֹת כֵּן וְהֵן שֶׁלּוֹ לְעוֹלָם. אֶלָּא רִבִּי לִיעֶזֶר מַתִּיר לַעֲשׂוֹת כֵּן וְכָל־הַקּוֹדֵם בָּהֶן זָכָה. In the opinion of Rebbi Jehudah, what is the difference between him who plants on his own property and provines into the public domain and him who plants on his own and provines into his own and a public road is in between? Rebbi Ammi said, Rebbi Jehudah holds with Rebbi Eliezer18The teacher of his father R. Ilaï., as we have stated there19Bava Batra 3:11:1" href="/Jerusalem_Talmud_Bava_Batra.3.11.1">Mishnah Baba Batra 3:12.: “One may not make a cavity under the public domain, cisterns, ditches, or caverns. Rebbi Eliezer permits it if a truck loaded with stones can pass over it.” As Rebbi Eliezer said there, under the public domain, it is his, so Rebbi Jehudah said here, under the public domain, it is his. Rebbi Samuel ben Rav Isaac asked, if it follows Rebbi Eliezer, he should bring and make the declaration. Rebbi Yose said, Rebbi Samuel ben Rav Isaac thought that Rebbi Eliezer permits to do that and it remains his permanent property, but Rebbi Eliezer permits to do that but anybody quick to acquire does acquire it20A cavity under the public domain cannot be appropriated for the exclusive use of a private person. Therefore, it may be legal to provine under the public domain but the provined plant is not exclusively in the vintner’s domain.
The statement of R. Eliezer is not discussed in Yerushalmi Baba Batra. The Babli (Baba Batra 60a) holds that the anonymous Tanna would agree with R. Eliezer if the safety of the road could be guaranteed for all times without maintenance. This cannot be the opinion of the Yerushalmi..